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Breaking the Illusion: Not Playing by the Rules
by Chris Pereira
21 May 2012 at 7:07pm

I like to play games in what I imagine is an unusual manner, or at least I thought this to be the case until 1UP members revealed they share some of my habits. One of these things, my propensity for systematically exploring an area before moving on, has reared its head in particularly noticeable fashion as I make my way through Max Payne 3. Playing in this way was clearly something the game's designers accounted for, as evidenced by the collectables scattered throughout, and yet it feels almost as if I'm being punished for deciding to be a completionist.

My process for approaching each area in Max Payne 3 follows the same pattern, only being altered if I'm low on health and out of painkillers (health packs in Max Payne's world). I kill everyone and then proceed to sweep over the entire room, seeking out any hidden spots or areas which do not appear to lead to the next area. As I make my way from one combat area to the next, I'm mindful of my surroundings and am sure to double back to check behind staircases and to see which doors can be opened. I do this all while searching for golden gun components, painkillers, and clues which can be examined. The latter can fill in the backstory but is hardly needed to get the gist of the narrative. I'm able to comfortably do this because there is no ticking clock, even if what Max is doing at any given time suggests there should be, and because enemies come in limited numbers and only in certain areas.



What If?: Gaming's Alternate Realities
by 1UP Staff
21 May 2012 at 6:27pm

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1UP COVER STORY

1UP COVER STORY | WEEK OF MAY 21 | WHAT IF?

What If?: Gaming's Alternate Realities 1UP explores what might have happened had video game history gone differently.

People love to look back at the past and ask, "What if things had gone differently?" Navel-gazing at history spans cultures and races. Whether it's author Harry Turtledove making a fortune by contemplating how differently the American Civil War would have gone if someone had time-traveled to give the Confederate Army machine guns, or the manga Konpeki No Kantai in which the Japanese navy beats up America in World War II before teaming up to kill Hitler, second-guessing ourselves seems to be human nature.

Maybe it's the competitive nature of the medium, but video gamers seem especially fond of revisiting the past and wondering about alternate outcomes. As the Three Fates in the image above suggest, games have woven a rich and complex tapestry in their mere half-century of existence -- a tapestry whose design and nature could have changed radically had things turned out differently.



What If Video Games Never Came Home?
by 1UP Staff
21 May 2012 at 6:25pm

1UP COVER STORY

1UP COVER STORY | WEEK OF MAY 21 | WHAT IF?

What if Video Games Never Came Home? Cover Story: A chilling glimpse into a world where the arcade still rules supreme.

1

UP's cover story this week revolves around the question, "What if?" In keeping with that theme, we'd like to offer this glimpse into one of many alternate realities of video gaming: A world where video games never came home. A world where the arcade still dominates gaming. How would a site like 1UP be different in such a place? We talk to our mirror universe counterparts about the state of gaming and their thoughts on the medium.




What If Third-Party Development Didn't Exist?
by Nadia Oxford
21 May 2012 at 6:24pm

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1UP COVER STORY

1UP COVER STORY | WEEK OF MAY 21 | WHAT IF?

What If Third-Party Development Didn't Exist? Cover Story: How Activision's 1982 win in court changed the industry.

L

et's be honest, when we think about Activision-Blizzard as a company, at least a few of us get a mental image of a dark overlord with hooked fingers looming over a burning landscape. This image is usually accompanied by a deep-voiced demand for sacrificial virgins. Given Activision-Blizzard's status as The Biggest Thing That Has Ever Existed in Gaming, it's easy to forget that prehistoric Activision fought for the right to develop third-party games on the Atari 2600 -- a battle that it eventually won in court.

Activision's victory essentially made it possible for third-party game designers to ply their trade on home game consoles.

Activision's drive for justice wasn't exclusively about being paid its deserved royalties, either. During the 2600 era, Atari had a nasty habit of not crediting its game developers (or even letting developers bring attention to themselves, which convinced Adventure developer Warren Robinett to bury his name in the game, possibly creating the first digital Easter Egg). When Activision won the right to make its own games for the 2600 in 1982, credit was no longer a problem.



What If Square Never Left Nintendo?
by 1UP Staff
21 May 2012 at 6:22pm

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1UP COVER STORY

1UP COVER STORY | WEEK OF MAY 21 | WHAT IF?

What If Square Never Left Nintendo? Cover Story: We look at how the RPG powerhouse would've fared without the PlayStation.

F

or RPG fans of the early 1990s, Square practically had their own branch on the Nintendo family tree. This held especially true on the Super NES, where Square came into its own with Final Fantasy IV and VI, Secret of Mana, Chrono Trigger, and wealth of Japan-only releases that loomed just out of reach for Americans. By the end of 1995, the union seemed solid. Nintendo's long-awaited Nintendo 64 system was on its way, and would be home to Square's next Final Fantasy.

There seemed no reason to worry until the spring of 1996, when those same RPG fans opened game magazines and learned that Final Fantasy VII wouldn't release in the form of a Nintendo 64 cartridge. It was now headed for the Sony PlayStation, as with every other game Square planned to make for the latest generation of consoles. By the end of the year, Square sewed up a publishing agreement with Sony, and their first PlayStation release, the fighter Tobal No. 1, sat on store shelves. It came as quite a surprise to players who'd effectively grown up with RPGs on Nintendo systems.

Final Fantasy VII didn't just amount to a critical PlayStation success; it was also instrumental in establishing the Japanese RPG in North America's mainstream game industry.



What If Steam Hadn't Recovered From Its Shaky Launch?
by 1UP Staff
21 May 2012 at 6:21pm

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1UP COVER STORY

1UP COVER STORY | WEEK OF MAY 21 | WHAT IF?

What If Steam Hadn't Recovered From Its Shaky Launch? Cover Story: Without Steam in a central role, the last decade of PC gaming would have been remarkably different.

W

hen Steam first appeared in 2002, its success was far from a sure thing. Bugs and network problems outnumbered the available games on Valve's digital distribution platform by a wide margin. Users who disliked having to launch an extra application before playing their games doubted the necessity of the program itself. It took years for Steam's library to grow, for Valve to smooth over the rough spots, and for the public to embrace the concept of digital distribution. Today, Steam is synonymous with PC gaming, putting Valve in a unique position from which they can influence the industry in a number of ways.

What if the initial stumble had resulted in a full-on faceplant? How far would the ripples of that failure have spread? I don't claim to know exactly how things would have played out differently, but a lifetime of regret and PC gaming -- which occasionally go hand in hand -- has sharpened my hindsight enough to make a few educated guesses.



What If Star Wars Had Been a Flop in 1977?
by Kat Bailey
21 May 2012 at 6:19pm

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1UP COVER STORY

1UP COVER STORY | WEEK OF MAY 21 | WHAT IF?

What If Star Wars Had Been a Flop in 1977? Cover Story: How the gaming galaxy would've been different without a few good Jedi.

I

magine that Star Wars had been a flop at the box office. Maybe George Lucas was allowed to release his original edit, or maybe word just never got out. Regardless, while it's not a disaster on par with Heaven's Gate--which brought down a whole studio--it's still pretty bad. It might survive as a cult film, and possibly even merit a reboot, but its influence is gone.

Now imagine the failure of Star Wars as one gigantic shock wave running through the video game industry. Genres, studios, even basics concepts vanish as it goes along. Now you see that, while the industry would (obviously) still exist without Star Wars, it would be very different indeed.



Mario Vs. King Kong Review: Universal Nintendo's Downward Spiral Continues
by Jeremy Parish
21 May 2012 at 6:18pm

1UP COVER STORY

1UP COVER STORY | WEEK OF MAY 21 | WHAT IF?

Mario Vs. King Kong Review: Universal Nintendo's Downward Spiral Continues Cover Story: What if Nintendo had lost the King Kong lawsuit? A review from another reality.

I

don't know if you're old enough to remember Donkey Kong, but I am. You don't really hear much about DK these days. He's been all but expunged from the annals of game history, and the tiny handful of arcade cabinets and Coleco carts that weren't destroyed back in the '80s remain a rare commodity traded among truly dedicated game collectors (quietly and in private forums, since eBay and other online auction houses instantly cancel all DK-related transactions at Universal's behest).

I miss DK. Maybe it's just nostalgia talking, but I always felt his games -- regardless of how derivative or illegal the character himself may have been -- demonstrated a lot more creativity than the King Kong games we've seen ever since the lawsuit that outlawed him. Any student of video game history knows the story there, of course: It was one of the landmark events that helped shape the industry's early days. A plucky little Japanese company called Nintendo created a fun platform-climbing game starring a carpenter named Mario as he attempted to rescue his love Pauline from the clutches of an ape called Donkey Kong. Not a very subtle reference, but that's homage for you. Universal Studios didn't share that gee-whiz sentiment, though, and they brought the full freight-train force of the Hollywood legal system to bear on Nintendo, claiming infringement on the King Kong trademark. The tiny game company never stood a chance.



Can Aliens: Colonial Marines Free Itself from Prometheus' Shadow?
by Nick Todd
21 May 2012 at 5:05pm

With the runaway success of 2009's Borderlands, Dallas-based developer Gearbox created a reputation for itself as more than just the studio behind a few Half-Life expansions or WW2 shooters, but one capable of offering its own serious creative output. With the long-in-development Aliens: Colonial Marines finally set for release early next year, Gearbox's latest trailer is capitalizing on the film franchise's return to theaters with next month's prequel-in-all-but-name, Prometheus.



Your Retro Reference Guide to Community's "Digital Estate Planning"
by 1UP Staff
18 May 2012 at 7:57pm

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By: Bob Mackey and Marty Sliva May 18, 2012

Community creator Dan Harmon isn't a stranger to video games; he's been public about his love for the medium, so it wasn't surprising to see the first episode of last night's season finale hat trick devote itself completely to old-school gaming references. What would have been a throwaway gag in any other sitcom took over most of "Digital Estate Planning's" 22 minutes, as Jeff, Britta, Pierce, Shirley, Abed, Annie, and Troy found themselves participating in a multiplayer platformer in an attempt to wrest the Hawthorne Wipes fortune from the grasp of a bastard child. This episode overflowed with visual gags devoted to the blocky roots of gaming culture, most of which flew by at a blink-and-you'll-miss-it pace; but, thankfully, your friends at 1UP are here to comb over this chunk of comedy gold to dig out the purest pieces of retro gaming nostalgia. Read on, and be sure to let us know if any references slipped past our intricate knowledge of gaming's past.


"Digital Estate Planning's" title sequence doesn't seem to point to any specific title; it's more of a pastiche of retro games that gave the player a brief preview of all the playable characters and their awesome abilities. Though Gilbert's fake game offers a resolution and color depth the NES could only dream of, the opening credits feel a lot like the intro to the NES version of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.





Computers In Pink

Computer Buses

Interfacing to the Personal Computer

Introduction to Interface Buses found on the personal computer. What makes up a PC interface, with descriptions of each of the common buses found on a modern PC. Links are included to provide more technical information and signal assignments [pin-outs] if additional detail is required.The text also identifies which buses or interfaces are new and which interfaces are older or should be replaced. Also what to look for when purchasing a new computer and which interfaces to avoid.

Introduction

There are three general classes of interfaces used with a Personal Computer. Cable Buses which are found on the out-side of the computer case. Expansion Buses which are located inside the PC case. Motherboard Buses which are local to the motherboard itself are the third type of computer bus.

The user accessible connectors at the rear of the PC case are color coded to differentiate the many functions or interfaces available . Except for the audio output jacks which provide left and right speaker connections, all the different interfaces use a completely unique style of connector making it all but impossible to connect the wrong peripheral device into the incorrect mating connector. By default most of the user accessible connections at the rear of the PC accommodate cable interfaces, note the different colored rear panel connectors in the graphic of the PC chassis below.

Cable Buses

PC Rear Panel
The external connections to the computer are all most all cable interfaces. The picture to the left shows the back panel of a typical Personal Computer [PC]. The rear I/O panel contains most of available interfaces on the PC. However many computers also put interfaces on the front of the computer as well. Typically though in most cases the front panel interfaces are either USB or Firewire and do not require color coding, because the connectors are keyed to inhibit mis-connection.

Serial Port

Although not part of this computer [to the left], the most common serial interface used
RS232
with the PC is the RS232 bus. The normal serial port is a 9-pin 'D' style connector [Signal Assignments]. The RS232 interface is in decline and may no longer be found on newer computers. Many new computers just rely on the USB interface or the PS2 circular DIN connector [depicted in green on the I/O panel] as a mouse port. The keyboard interface is the purple circular DIN next to the PS2 connector. Refer to this page for a more technical description of the EIA-232 Bus. Note the other common name is a 9-pin Dsub connector, or just RS232 connector [male or female].This Knol addresses The Disappearing Serial Interface [RS232].

Parallel Port

The primary function of the parallel port was as a printer port. The printer port is visible in both the computer back panel [above] and mother board [shown below] as the long red connector.
DB25 Cable
The original parallel port was also called the Centronics Interface because of the company that made the style of connector used with the cable part of the interface. However around 1995 a new interface called the IEEE-1284 was introduced on new systems. The IEEE-1284 used the same 25-pin connector on the PC side that the Centronics had used and was backward compatible. By 2005 the parallel port [also called an LPT port] had all but disappeared from many newer systems. Many new printers come with a USB or Ethernet network port and have dropped the LPT port altogether. However; the long purple connector on the I/O panel above is a Parallel Port.

COM Port

RJ-45 Connector
The Communication Port [COM Port] may be either a phone jack or Ethernet port. Older PC's will have a built in phone jack and may have an Ethernet jack added via an expansion card, while newer PCs will have a built in Ethernet port. Note, the term COM Port originated to refer to an RS232 like port, as in COM 1 and COM 2; however, in this case is being used to refer to an Ethernet port. A phone jack [RJ11] connector will have six pins, while a Ethernet jack [RJ45] will have eight pins, or four pairs of wires [Telcom Connector Manufacturers]. Dial up will use an RJ11 connector, while Ethernet or a cable modem will use the RJ45 style connector. The RJ11 and RJ45 connectors appear identical, but have a different number of pins or connections.

Universal Serial Bus

USB Thumb Drive
The Universal Serial Bus [USB] is the primary cabling bus used in main stream computers. The USB interface is used for almost everything that could plug into a computer. An external Hard
USB Floppy
Disk Drive [or floppy drive] are mainly interfaced with a USB cable. Newer Printers will use USB, Web Cams and any other device that requires external power. If you happen to be running Windows Vista you can plug in a USB thumb drive to add permanent memory to your computer. Of course, the USB thumb drive is the most commonly used USB interface to replace the Floppy drive and add removable memory to your computer. However, it is possible to purchase an external floppy drive which interfaces to the PC via a USB cable. Keep in mind that a USB floppy drive still operates at the speed of the disk drive, and not at the speed of the USB interface [the mechanical drive is the issue].

Video Interfaces

HD Graphics and TV Tuner Card[1]
The current video interface in use is called the Digital Video Interface [DVI]. Two pairs of DVI connectors are shown on the PC back panel above [white connectors]. This particular example includes two video cards each with a pair of
DVI Connector Styles
DVI connectors. How ever it's also common for a video card to include one DVI connector and one Video Graphics Adaptor [VGA] connector [really SVGA]. An SVGA connector, which is an up-grade to the original VGA connector allows the PC or video card to connect to an older video monitor. An SVGA interface connector may also be found as part of the Mother Board on some low-end PCs, saving the retailer and user from the requirement of having to install an expensive Video card.

PS2 Ports

The PS2 ports on a PC are found as two circular DIN connectors on the rear I/O panel of the PC. There are normally two side-by-side connectors. One connector is used to interface the keyboard and one connector used to interface to a mouse. Both of these connectors are color coded because they are so similar. The keyboard
Serial DIN Ports

connector is color coded purple and the mouse connector is color coded green. The cables coming off either the keyboard or mouse are also color coded using the same scheme. As noted, many new devices may utilize USB interfaces, so the key board or mouse may have USB connectors at the end of the cable and not use either of the two PS-2 connectors, although they still may reside on the PC cut-out. [PS2 Graphic[2]]

Signal Assingments: Keyboard pin out, and Mouse Pinout.

Audio Interfaces

There are a number of audio interfaces on a personal computer, but three main types. The Mic/Line In, Speakers, and in some cases an S/PDIF interface. Each interface is color coded to insure that the correct cable is input to
PC Sound Card
the correct connector. The cable end will be color coded the same as connector on the PC I/O panel. The analog microphone input is color coded with Pink. The analog Line Input interface is coded light blue. The main Audio Line Out connector to the front speakers is coded lime green. The Audio Line Out connector for the Left/Right speakers is coded dark brown. A Line Out line for a subwoofer is coded orange. Although not that common on the back of a PC, a Musical Instrument Digital Interface [MIDI] port will be color coded as gold. A MIDI [game] port is much more common on the panel of a video or audio expansion card [MIDI Port pinout]. Note the color coding for each of the audio connectors on the audio expansion card to the right, which help to insure that the connections are made correclty [Sound Blaster Audio Card Graphic[3]].
An S/PDIF connection is very common on many PCs to trasmit digital audio and may be found as either an electrical connection [RCA cable] or an optical connection [TOSLINK]. Because S/PDIF is a single line [electrical or optical] there is no pinout for this interface.

Hard Drive Interface

IDE Cable Diagram
The connector interface for the PC's Hard Disk Drive [HDD] is located on the motherboard, normally in the form of a shrouded dual pin header. The headers are usually located near the card edge of motherboard. In the example motherboard below the HDD connection points are the two blue headers, bottom center of the MoBo. That particular mother board shows connections for the older style of disk drive interface known as IDE [ATA Description]. While the 'red' mother board graphic just below that shows the newer and faster drive interface called Serial ATA [SATA Description]. The chart under the heading 'Bus Upgrades' shows the differences in speed between the two HDD interfaces.
As reference a graph of Google search trends is provided showing the decline in 'IDE' searches between 2004 and 2010. The last version of the IDE standard was released in 2005, while the SATA interface standard was released in 2001. Unfortunately the term IDE is short so other phrases may be using the same three letters to signify something other than a hard drive bus.

Expansion Buses

PC Expansion Bus, as the term implies, is a bus that expands the Personal Computer's internal interface bus. The PC Expansion buses are used to add addition PC cards to the system. These interfaces reside on the motherboard and appear as card slots.

The common reference to a PC Expansion bus refers to expanding to, or adding functionality to the normal internal computer bus. So the term PC Expansion Bus refers to the additional expansion bus slot residing on the PC's Motherboard.

Most motherboards produced will contain Expansion slots, or connectors to accept additional cards to enhance the computers functionality. However, the type of expansion slot will vary depending on the age or function of the motherboard. Check the product specifications to determine the type and number of expansion slots.

Computer motherboards produced in 2005 have a combination of PC Expansion buses, with 1 or 2 connector slots using PCIe for Video cards, and 2 to 4 slots for a PCI Boards. The PCI interface has been around for a number of years and has a larger base than PCIe. There are many PCI cards that have been developed to provide a number of functions, while low end PCIe cards are just now coming out [because the motherboards don't have PCIe 1x slots].

Personal Computer Mother-Board

PCI Interface

The Peripheral Component Interface [PCI] slot is used as a general purpose expansion slot used on almost all motherboards produced in the last ten years. Four PCI expansion slots are shown in the computer motherboard picture to the left, as four vertical white connectors. The PCI expansion slot can still be found next to the more current PCIe slot on motherboards currently be shipped.

AGP Interface

The Accelerated Graphics Port [AGP] slot is used to accept a Video card. The AGP expansion slot is an enhanced version of a PCI bus developed specifically as a video interface. The single brown connector in the center of the motherboard graphic is an AGP interface. Most new PCs shipped no longer contain an AGP slot which have now been replaced by the PCIe interface [below]. However; AGP cards are still widely used in the up-grade market. The latest revision of the AGP interface is revision 3.0 or AGP 8x [as of 2002]. Note that rev 3.0 will be the last and final upgrade to the AGP specification. The AGP standard is out-dated.

PCIe Interface

PCIe Expansion Slot
The Peripheral Component Interface Express [PCIe] interface is the newest addition to the personal computer. PCIe is the fastest expansion slot added to the PC to date. There are two main flavors of PCIe, a 1x PCIe slot is designed to provide pretty much any card function that comes to mind; for instance, TV Tuner, USB ports, RS232 interfaces and so on. The second type is the 16x PCIe interface and is used almost exclusively as a video interface for the computer. A modern mother board picture[4] is shown to the left. The three white connectors are PCI expansion slots, while the three brown connectors just to the right are PCIe expansion slots. The small connectors are 1x PCIe and the longer one is a 16x PCIe [video] slot. As with any graphic used here, click for a larger image.

DIMM Module
Older InterfacesEven though the AGP slot is still in production, it really is an out dated bus as it was replaced by the PCIe bus. Obsolete PC Expansion Buses include the ISA bus, the EISA Bus, and the VLB bus. The three very long vertical black connectors seen on the 'first' mother board above are ISA expansion slots. Each of these interfaces were replaced by the PCI bus many years ago; however many industrial systems still use the ISA expansion bus. The three black connectors running horizontally [orange backplane] happen to be Dual Inline Memory Module [DIMM] slots for memory cards. Although it's difficult to tell what type of DIMM slot is being displayed, memory modules change as often as card expansion slots, they are certanly outdated.

Motherboard Buses

AMD Phenom Quad-Core uP Die
Buses local to the Mother Board are not accessible to the user and are used to interface the processor with the on-board chip set. These local buses are not reachable via a motherboard connector or rear panel connector. The two most notable buses in this class are the Front-side bus and the North-Bridge / South-Bridge interfaces with interconnect the microprocessor [uP], [Die graphic[5]] with its peripheral chip sets.

The Front-side bus is the main electrical interface into the micro-processor via the Northbridge. The Northbridge also interfaces to the video expansion slot
AMD 64 FX Processor
[PCIe] the on-board memory DIMM slots, and the Southbridge. The Sourthbridge connects to almost every thing else on the motherboard under uP control. The Southbridge interfaces to all the other expansion slots on the motherboard, and to what ever cabling interfaces that may be available, such as the Hard Drive [SATA], Cable [Ethernet], Audio ports, or USB interfaces. The graphic to the right is an AMD uP[6].

There have been three companies that produce uP's for personal computers; Intel, AMD and IBM. Up until a few years ago Apple computers used an IBM processor, now Apple Computer uses an Intel processor. IBM compatible PCs will use either an AMD or Intel processor.

Bus Upgrades
Disk Drive Transfer Rates by Year of Standard Release
An important point to remember about PCs in general and PC interfaces in particular is that these buses are always being upgraded or rev-ed. Each revision of an interface standard is almost always backwards compatible with the previous version with the main difference being an upgrade in speed or through-put. The point here is that an expansion port on one computer claiming a particular interface may be running faster or slower then a comparable computer advertising the same interface only because one PC is using the latest revision of the standard. For example the AGP interface was released in 1996, with revision 2.0 coming out in 1998 and then revision 3.0 following in 2002; each new release basically doubled the speed of the interface.
More importantly the USB interface is currently under going a revision upgrade, from revision 2.0 to 3.0. The original USB interface was released in 1994, and revision 2.0 being released in 2000. However the newest version of the standard was released just last year. So if possible a new computer purchased should include revision 3.0 of the USB bus, even though there are only a few products that currently support the new standard. Another year from now there will be a great number or products on the market that will support rev 3 of the USB standard. It's just like waiting for the next MS OS to be released, instead of paying another ninety dollars a few months later for the upgrade.
Of course these comments only apply to the time frame immediately surrounding the date a specification is in revision. As a general rule many of these interface standards are being updated about every three or four years. But when you account for the number of different standards and the fact that they are unrelated and do not get updated relative to one another than on any given year there could be at least one computer related specification coming out with a new revision.
Insuring that the latest bus specification is purchased does not incur the same increase in cost as purchasing the next generation CPU. The newest processor might come with a severe premium of several hundred dollars over the cost of a processor that was released just a few months prior. Normally a chip set for an interface bus costs little more than the previous generation of the interface.
Yet another new standard about to be released is the Universal Flash Storage [UFS] card. The specification is not due out until the end of 2010, and products wouldn't be available until 2011 at a minimum. Still it's a new interface that would be found on computers with Card Reader modules; however the specification is really aimed at embedded storage for cameras and cell phones [just like an SD Card].
Acronyms not defined in text: AMD; Advanced Micro Devices
DIN; Deutsches Institut fr Normung. A German national standards organization
IBM; International Business Machines
LPT; Line Print Terminal
RCA; Radio Corporation of America
S/PDIF; Sony/Philips Digital Interface
TOSLINK; TOShiba-LINK, a registered trademark of Toshiba Corporation
Many more Engineering Related Electronic Acronyms. This link is off-site..
Additional Knols related to computers;Description of Solid State Drives. [What is an SSD and do I want one] Interfacing to a Secure Digital Card. [SD Card Issues]Adding Permanent Memory via a USB Stick. [USB ReadyBoost implementation]The RS232 Interface. [RS232 Tutorial and its continuing usage decline]Generation of PC Standards. [Who controls the definition of a PC]
Helpful Links;Companies that produce Computers.Companies that produce Laptop PCs.Companies that manufacturer and sell PC Monitors.
Editor note; this text uses two graphics of AMD processors, but that does not imply support for PC's using AMD devices. It just happens that there were AMD graphics available for use in the article. Some years AMD has faster processors, while other years Intel has faster processors, it really changes every other year.


How can i use my MSN mike? (Answers: 4) (Comments: 0)
My mike is not a classic one conected to the head set, its a smell microphone like a stick, ive seen my brother use it on YAHOO but he doesnt know how to on MSN, when i call a friend they cant hear me, but occasionaly they hear statics, i plugged it in the back of my computer in pink circle which is were its suppose to go but stil dont work, HELP!

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Are Massive HP Layoffs the Flip Side of the ?Facebook Economy?? - ReadWriteWeb

18 May 2012 at 3:33pm 

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Are Massive HP Layoffs the Flip Side of the ?Facebook Economy??
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