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Your Retro Reference Guide to Community's "Digital Estate Planning"
by 1UP Staff
18 May 2012 at 7:57pm

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By: Bob Mackey and Marty Sliva May 18, 2012

Community creator Dan Harmon isn't a stranger to video games; he's been public about his love for the medium, so it wasn't surprising to see the first episode of last night's season finale hat trick devote itself completely to old-school gaming references. What would have been a throwaway gag in any other sitcom took over most of "Digital Estate Planning's" 22 minutes, as Jeff, Britta, Pierce, Shirley, Abed, Annie, and Troy found themselves participating in a multiplayer platformer in an attempt to wrest the Hawthorne Wipes fortune from the grasp of a bastard child. This episode overflowed with visual gags devoted to the blocky roots of gaming culture, most of which flew by at a blink-and-you'll-miss-it pace; but, thankfully, your friends at 1UP are here to comb over this chunk of comedy gold to dig out the purest pieces of retro gaming nostalgia. Read on, and be sure to let us know if any references slipped past our intricate knowledge of gaming's past.


"Digital Estate Planning's" title sequence doesn't seem to point to any specific title; it's more of a pastiche of retro games that gave the player a brief preview of all the playable characters and their awesome abilities. Though Gilbert's fake game offers a resolution and color depth the NES could only dream of, the opening credits feel a lot like the intro to the NES version of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.



EA to Piggyback Origin on Popular Kickstarter Games
by Chris Pereira
18 May 2012 at 4:44pm

As Electronic Arts continues to work toward having Origin reach feature parity with Steam -- and hopefully finding something unique it can offer in the process -- it also is focused on getting the software installed on as many computers as possible. Bundling it with EA's own computer games has proven to be one effective way of doing this, whether it be with Battlefield 3 or Mass Effect 3, as has exclusively offering the digital version of its big MMO, Star Wars: The Old Republic, through the service. Now it's extending a helping hand to independent developers who have turned to crowd-funding to get their games made in a move that will further help to increase the size of Origin's userbase.

The publisher today announced it will waive Origin's distribution fees for 90 days for any developer wanting to bring its crowd-funded, downloadable PC game to the service, just so long as the game is ready to publish. Develop notes the only costs developers will be subjected to are those pertaining to transactions, such as the fee charged by credit card companies. Even with that small caveat, this is still a potentially great deal for independent developers who will be able to receive a significantly larger portion of revenue on each game it sells in the three months following release. Particularly when you consider many of the games that have been funded by Kickstarter are unlikely to ever be multi-million unit sellers, that extra money could prove to be a major boon.



What a Horrible Night to Have a Curse: Eight Games Where Danger Lurks After Dark
by 1UP Staff
18 May 2012 at 4:35pm

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By: 1UP Staff May 18, 2012

Before the advent of electricity, mankind rightly feared the darkness and the thousands of hungry wolves lurking within. Now that we live in a world where eternal daytime can be summoned with the flick of a light switch, the lessons taught by every fairy tale put to print -- stay out of dark, spooky places -- can safely be ignored, since our smartphones alone can easily cut a swath through the blackness of night. Still, crushing the anxieties of our lizard brains often proves impossible, as a simple evening power outage can quickly turn us from rational human beings into quivering masses who refuse to take candlelit trips to the bathroom alone for fear of wandering House Draculas. And we're not even safe in retreating to the escapist fantasies of video games; over the years, savvy developers have learned to exploit these primal phobias by designing worlds that turn from bad to ugly with the setting of the sun. The following games serve as fitting proof that -- as the popular Nickelodeon show once posited-- yes, we are afraid of the dark. Or if we're not, maybe we should be?



Diablo III's Launch Issues Bring its Always-Online Requirement Back to the Fo...
by Chris Pereira
18 May 2012 at 1:00pm

While it could have gone worse, Diablo III's first few days of availability have been plagued with a variety of issues. There were problem logging in including the dreaded Error 37, and similar sorts of issues have continued to crop up since then, leading to several instances of the servers being taken offline. This has all been widespread enough that Blizzard apologized for the situation, but really, these sorts of problems are to be expected following the release of an enormously popular online game. But not everyone wants Diablo III to be an online game, and those players have suffered right alongside those who do.

Aside from the times that the servers have been brought down for emergency maintenance, which invariably affect everyone, not everyone has been subjected to a less-than-ideal experience. Having skipped the launch rush on Tuesday, I've yet to run into any problems myself, save for one where I'm occasionally told someone I'm chatting with is not online, which requires me to re-send my message. Annoying, sure, but hardly a big deal, especially in light of people who are losing their Achievements or having trouble playing at all for one reason or another.



Capcom Reveals 3DS Spin-off to Lost Planet Series
by Nick Todd
17 May 2012 at 6:14pm

With Lost Planet's roots firmly planted on consoles, it comes as a surprise that the series will soon be making a trip to portables in the form of E.X. Troopers for the Nintendo 3DS. Taking an anime-inspired look and featuring gameplay similar to its console brethren, it appears that the franchise will be bringing some familiar elements to Nintendo's smaller screens. As sudden as the announcement is, Capcom seems to be taking an unexpected approach for the franchise on portables.



Activision's "Project Icebreaker" Could Hurt its Reputation Among Devs
by Chris Pereira
17 May 2012 at 4:56pm

More than two years after Infinity Ward founders Jason West and Vince Zampella first sued Activision, their case is finally set to head to trial on May 29. But before the case can be heard, documents have been released which shed light on some unsavory moves Activision made prior to firing West and Zampella in March 2010.

Prior to the start of the case, there have been some developments of note. Electronic Arts, the publisher of the game being produced by West and Zampella's new studio, Respawn Entertainment, was added in late 2010 as a defendant in Activision's counter-suit; Activision alleged EA conspired with the former IW heads to derail the Call of Duty franchise, among other things. Bloomberg reported yesterday the two publishers have reached a settlement, details of which were not made available.



Should We Expect Voice Acting In Every Game?
by 1UP Staff
17 May 2012 at 2:49pm

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By: Dennis Farrell May 17, 2012

Some people approach games with a checklist of required features. "No multiplayer? Not even a half-hearted mode thrown in for the heck of it? No thanks!" "Where are my arbitrary achievements?" If internet forums are to be trusted -- and in my experience they always should be -- voice acting is increasingly becoming one such expectation.

When a game fails to check off enough boxes, it runs the risk of coming under scrutiny. Sometimes, though, the pressure to be all-inclusive is directly at odds with the experience a game is attempting to create. Sometimes, voice acting can be a detriment.



With Infinity Blade Dungeons, Epic Doubles Down on iOS
by Jeremy Parish
17 May 2012 at 12:23pm

You may think of Gears of War when you hear the name "Epic Megagames." Or maybe Jazz Jackrabbit, if you live a lifestyle of old-school cred. Or perhaps what comes to mind is Unreal Engine 3, the behind-the-scenes game technology that's proven to be the current generation's Renderware. And these things are well and good! But over the past few years, Epic's made something of a name for itself with chair's Infinity Blade games.

Infinity Blade and its recent sequel boast what may well be the most spectacular graphics yet seen on iOS (running, not surprisingly, on a modified version of Epic's own Unreal Engine 3), but they impress less in the gameplay department. Certainly they're entertaining enough, but they amount to high-fantasy Punch-Out!! -- simple and limited. Now that the series is a bonafide money-maker for Epic, they're taking a much more direct approach to the property... and a more ambitious one, too. Infinity Blade Dungeons doesn't simply represent a new genre for the series; it's also the first Blade developed internally by Epic.



Akai Katana Review: A Bleedin' All Right Time
by Ray Barnholt
17 May 2012 at 8:26am

Everyone's favorite purveyor of exceedingly niche shoot-em-ups, Cave, is back again with Akai Katana, a welcome -- and rare -- appearance of one of their console games localized for the West. Not only that, it's a boxed retail game, and crazier yet, it's another horizontal bullet-hell shooter, just like their last Western retail release, Deathsmiles. And if Deathsmiles' gothic lolita stylings sent you running in the opposite direction, Akai Katana is a much more palatable action game, set in a world where young rebels use their warplanes and the power of the mystical Blood Swords to combat the endless hordes of imperial forces. Yeah, no one really plays these for the plots.

As in every shooter, you fly around the screen destroying enemies that appear from the other side of the screen, using regular speedy fire or more powerful, focused fire that slows your movement. The wrinkle in Akai Katana is that killing enemies earns energy orbs that will let you summon your "phantom." With enough energy you can switch to phantom form, where you become your humanoid spirit partner, who is invincible as long as you don't use the stronger fire. As enemy bullets bounce off the phantom, you can move left and right to bat the bullets around and turn them into point value tokens, though they don't last forever and neither does the phantom energy meter, so you'll have to know when to switch forms and collect them for your big scores.



Game of Thrones Review: An Example of Mediocre Interactive Fanfiction
by Thierry Nguyen
16 May 2012 at 5:51pm

Consider the following scenario from the Game of Thrones RPG: you get tasked with infiltrating a secure location, and beforehand you assemble a proper uniform -- gauntlets, boots, cape, and helmet -- to gain access. This sequence conjures up the same sort of tension as watching Tywin Lannister and Littlefinger's conversation at Harrenhal in the current season of the show, or reading the duel between The Red Viper and The Mountain That Rides from A Storm of Swords. There's a lot at stake, and one mistake could turn the whole affair catastrophic; but this time, you're in control of this tense situation. You walk up to a guard at a checkpoint, and he asks if he knows you because you seem familiar to him; to this, you reply that you have a very common face that elicits such a question often. Except, as noted earlier, not only are you in disguise, but as part of that disguise, you had put on a full helmet that completely envelops and obscures your face.

That kind of moment embodies playing Game of Thrones, where the occasional moments of intrigue and interest get stymied by bizarre little gaffes, mistakes, and janks. Why is there a conversation about the look of my face when I have a helmet on? It's not an instance of randomized NPC chatter that delightfully skips over the detail of whether the player is wearing a helmet or not -- it's a specific and scripted moment in a mandatory story quest that somehow got past the game's writers and testing.





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Computer Buses

Interfacing to the Personal Computer

Introduction to Interface Buses found on the personal computer. What makes up a PC interface, with descriptions of each of the common buses found on a modern PC. Links are included to provide more technical information and signal assignments [pin-outs] if additional detail is required.The text also identifies which buses or interfaces are new and which interfaces are older or should be replaced. Also what to look for when purchasing a new computer and which interfaces to avoid.

Introduction

There are three general classes of interfaces used with a Personal Computer. Cable Buses which are found on the out-side of the computer case. Expansion Buses which are located inside the PC case. Motherboard Buses which are local to the motherboard itself are the third type of computer bus.

The user accessible connectors at the rear of the PC case are color coded to differentiate the many functions or interfaces available . Except for the audio output jacks which provide left and right speaker connections, all the different interfaces use a completely unique style of connector making it all but impossible to connect the wrong peripheral device into the incorrect mating connector. By default most of the user accessible connections at the rear of the PC accommodate cable interfaces, note the different colored rear panel connectors in the graphic of the PC chassis below.

Cable Buses

PC Rear Panel
The external connections to the computer are all most all cable interfaces. The picture to the left shows the back panel of a typical Personal Computer [PC]. The rear I/O panel contains most of available interfaces on the PC. However many computers also put interfaces on the front of the computer as well. Typically though in most cases the front panel interfaces are either USB or Firewire and do not require color coding, because the connectors are keyed to inhibit mis-connection.

Serial Port

Although not part of this computer [to the left], the most common serial interface used
RS232
with the PC is the RS232 bus. The normal serial port is a 9-pin 'D' style connector [Signal Assignments]. The RS232 interface is in decline and may no longer be found on newer computers. Many new computers just rely on the USB interface or the PS2 circular DIN connector [depicted in green on the I/O panel] as a mouse port. The keyboard interface is the purple circular DIN next to the PS2 connector. Refer to this page for a more technical description of the EIA-232 Bus. Note the other common name is a 9-pin Dsub connector, or just RS232 connector [male or female].This Knol addresses The Disappearing Serial Interface [RS232].

Parallel Port

The primary function of the parallel port was as a printer port. The printer port is visible in both the computer back panel [above] and mother board [shown below] as the long red connector.
DB25 Cable
The original parallel port was also called the Centronics Interface because of the company that made the style of connector used with the cable part of the interface. However around 1995 a new interface called the IEEE-1284 was introduced on new systems. The IEEE-1284 used the same 25-pin connector on the PC side that the Centronics had used and was backward compatible. By 2005 the parallel port [also called an LPT port] had all but disappeared from many newer systems. Many new printers come with a USB or Ethernet network port and have dropped the LPT port altogether. However; the long purple connector on the I/O panel above is a Parallel Port.

COM Port

RJ-45 Connector
The Communication Port [COM Port] may be either a phone jack or Ethernet port. Older PC's will have a built in phone jack and may have an Ethernet jack added via an expansion card, while newer PCs will have a built in Ethernet port. Note, the term COM Port originated to refer to an RS232 like port, as in COM 1 and COM 2; however, in this case is being used to refer to an Ethernet port. A phone jack [RJ11] connector will have six pins, while a Ethernet jack [RJ45] will have eight pins, or four pairs of wires [Telcom Connector Manufacturers]. Dial up will use an RJ11 connector, while Ethernet or a cable modem will use the RJ45 style connector. The RJ11 and RJ45 connectors appear identical, but have a different number of pins or connections.

Universal Serial Bus

USB Thumb Drive
The Universal Serial Bus [USB] is the primary cabling bus used in main stream computers. The USB interface is used for almost everything that could plug into a computer. An external Hard
USB Floppy
Disk Drive [or floppy drive] are mainly interfaced with a USB cable. Newer Printers will use USB, Web Cams and any other device that requires external power. If you happen to be running Windows Vista you can plug in a USB thumb drive to add permanent memory to your computer. Of course, the USB thumb drive is the most commonly used USB interface to replace the Floppy drive and add removable memory to your computer. However, it is possible to purchase an external floppy drive which interfaces to the PC via a USB cable. Keep in mind that a USB floppy drive still operates at the speed of the disk drive, and not at the speed of the USB interface [the mechanical drive is the issue].

Video Interfaces

HD Graphics and TV Tuner Card[1]
The current video interface in use is called the Digital Video Interface [DVI]. Two pairs of DVI connectors are shown on the PC back panel above [white connectors]. This particular example includes two video cards each with a pair of
DVI Connector Styles
DVI connectors. How ever it's also common for a video card to include one DVI connector and one Video Graphics Adaptor [VGA] connector [really SVGA]. An SVGA connector, which is an up-grade to the original VGA connector allows the PC or video card to connect to an older video monitor. An SVGA interface connector may also be found as part of the Mother Board on some low-end PCs, saving the retailer and user from the requirement of having to install an expensive Video card.

PS2 Ports

The PS2 ports on a PC are found as two circular DIN connectors on the rear I/O panel of the PC. There are normally two side-by-side connectors. One connector is used to interface the keyboard and one connector used to interface to a mouse. Both of these connectors are color coded because they are so similar. The keyboard
Serial DIN Ports

connector is color coded purple and the mouse connector is color coded green. The cables coming off either the keyboard or mouse are also color coded using the same scheme. As noted, many new devices may utilize USB interfaces, so the key board or mouse may have USB connectors at the end of the cable and not use either of the two PS-2 connectors, although they still may reside on the PC cut-out. [PS2 Graphic[2]]

Signal Assingments: Keyboard pin out, and Mouse Pinout.

Audio Interfaces

There are a number of audio interfaces on a personal computer, but three main types. The Mic/Line In, Speakers, and in some cases an S/PDIF interface. Each interface is color coded to insure that the correct cable is input to
PC Sound Card
the correct connector. The cable end will be color coded the same as connector on the PC I/O panel. The analog microphone input is color coded with Pink. The analog Line Input interface is coded light blue. The main Audio Line Out connector to the front speakers is coded lime green. The Audio Line Out connector for the Left/Right speakers is coded dark brown. A Line Out line for a subwoofer is coded orange. Although not that common on the back of a PC, a Musical Instrument Digital Interface [MIDI] port will be color coded as gold. A MIDI [game] port is much more common on the panel of a video or audio expansion card [MIDI Port pinout]. Note the color coding for each of the audio connectors on the audio expansion card to the right, which help to insure that the connections are made correclty [Sound Blaster Audio Card Graphic[3]].
An S/PDIF connection is very common on many PCs to trasmit digital audio and may be found as either an electrical connection [RCA cable] or an optical connection [TOSLINK]. Because S/PDIF is a single line [electrical or optical] there is no pinout for this interface.

Hard Drive Interface

IDE Cable Diagram
The connector interface for the PC's Hard Disk Drive [HDD] is located on the motherboard, normally in the form of a shrouded dual pin header. The headers are usually located near the card edge of motherboard. In the example motherboard below the HDD connection points are the two blue headers, bottom center of the MoBo. That particular mother board shows connections for the older style of disk drive interface known as IDE [ATA Description]. While the 'red' mother board graphic just below that shows the newer and faster drive interface called Serial ATA [SATA Description]. The chart under the heading 'Bus Upgrades' shows the differences in speed between the two HDD interfaces.
As reference a graph of Google search trends is provided showing the decline in 'IDE' searches between 2004 and 2010. The last version of the IDE standard was released in 2005, while the SATA interface standard was released in 2001. Unfortunately the term IDE is short so other phrases may be using the same three letters to signify something other than a hard drive bus.

Expansion Buses

PC Expansion Bus, as the term implies, is a bus that expands the Personal Computer's internal interface bus. The PC Expansion buses are used to add addition PC cards to the system. These interfaces reside on the motherboard and appear as card slots.

The common reference to a PC Expansion bus refers to expanding to, or adding functionality to the normal internal computer bus. So the term PC Expansion Bus refers to the additional expansion bus slot residing on the PC's Motherboard.

Most motherboards produced will contain Expansion slots, or connectors to accept additional cards to enhance the computers functionality. However, the type of expansion slot will vary depending on the age or function of the motherboard. Check the product specifications to determine the type and number of expansion slots.

Computer motherboards produced in 2005 have a combination of PC Expansion buses, with 1 or 2 connector slots using PCIe for Video cards, and 2 to 4 slots for a PCI Boards. The PCI interface has been around for a number of years and has a larger base than PCIe. There are many PCI cards that have been developed to provide a number of functions, while low end PCIe cards are just now coming out [because the motherboards don't have PCIe 1x slots].

Personal Computer Mother-Board

PCI Interface

The Peripheral Component Interface [PCI] slot is used as a general purpose expansion slot used on almost all motherboards produced in the last ten years. Four PCI expansion slots are shown in the computer motherboard picture to the left, as four vertical white connectors. The PCI expansion slot can still be found next to the more current PCIe slot on motherboards currently be shipped.

AGP Interface

The Accelerated Graphics Port [AGP] slot is used to accept a Video card. The AGP expansion slot is an enhanced version of a PCI bus developed specifically as a video interface. The single brown connector in the center of the motherboard graphic is an AGP interface. Most new PCs shipped no longer contain an AGP slot which have now been replaced by the PCIe interface [below]. However; AGP cards are still widely used in the up-grade market. The latest revision of the AGP interface is revision 3.0 or AGP 8x [as of 2002]. Note that rev 3.0 will be the last and final upgrade to the AGP specification. The AGP standard is out-dated.

PCIe Interface

PCIe Expansion Slot
The Peripheral Component Interface Express [PCIe] interface is the newest addition to the personal computer. PCIe is the fastest expansion slot added to the PC to date. There are two main flavors of PCIe, a 1x PCIe slot is designed to provide pretty much any card function that comes to mind; for instance, TV Tuner, USB ports, RS232 interfaces and so on. The second type is the 16x PCIe interface and is used almost exclusively as a video interface for the computer. A modern mother board picture[4] is shown to the left. The three white connectors are PCI expansion slots, while the three brown connectors just to the right are PCIe expansion slots. The small connectors are 1x PCIe and the longer one is a 16x PCIe [video] slot. As with any graphic used here, click for a larger image.

DIMM Module
Older InterfacesEven though the AGP slot is still in production, it really is an out dated bus as it was replaced by the PCIe bus. Obsolete PC Expansion Buses include the ISA bus, the EISA Bus, and the VLB bus. The three very long vertical black connectors seen on the 'first' mother board above are ISA expansion slots. Each of these interfaces were replaced by the PCI bus many years ago; however many industrial systems still use the ISA expansion bus. The three black connectors running horizontally [orange backplane] happen to be Dual Inline Memory Module [DIMM] slots for memory cards. Although it's difficult to tell what type of DIMM slot is being displayed, memory modules change as often as card expansion slots, they are certanly outdated.

Motherboard Buses

AMD Phenom Quad-Core uP Die
Buses local to the Mother Board are not accessible to the user and are used to interface the processor with the on-board chip set. These local buses are not reachable via a motherboard connector or rear panel connector. The two most notable buses in this class are the Front-side bus and the North-Bridge / South-Bridge interfaces with interconnect the microprocessor [uP], [Die graphic[5]] with its peripheral chip sets.

The Front-side bus is the main electrical interface into the micro-processor via the Northbridge. The Northbridge also interfaces to the video expansion slot
AMD 64 FX Processor
[PCIe] the on-board memory DIMM slots, and the Southbridge. The Sourthbridge connects to almost every thing else on the motherboard under uP control. The Southbridge interfaces to all the other expansion slots on the motherboard, and to what ever cabling interfaces that may be available, such as the Hard Drive [SATA], Cable [Ethernet], Audio ports, or USB interfaces. The graphic to the right is an AMD uP[6].

There have been three companies that produce uP's for personal computers; Intel, AMD and IBM. Up until a few years ago Apple computers used an IBM processor, now Apple Computer uses an Intel processor. IBM compatible PCs will use either an AMD or Intel processor.

Bus Upgrades
Disk Drive Transfer Rates by Year of Standard Release
An important point to remember about PCs in general and PC interfaces in particular is that these buses are always being upgraded or rev-ed. Each revision of an interface standard is almost always backwards compatible with the previous version with the main difference being an upgrade in speed or through-put. The point here is that an expansion port on one computer claiming a particular interface may be running faster or slower then a comparable computer advertising the same interface only because one PC is using the latest revision of the standard. For example the AGP interface was released in 1996, with revision 2.0 coming out in 1998 and then revision 3.0 following in 2002; each new release basically doubled the speed of the interface.
More importantly the USB interface is currently under going a revision upgrade, from revision 2.0 to 3.0. The original USB interface was released in 1994, and revision 2.0 being released in 2000. However the newest version of the standard was released just last year. So if possible a new computer purchased should include revision 3.0 of the USB bus, even though there are only a few products that currently support the new standard. Another year from now there will be a great number or products on the market that will support rev 3 of the USB standard. It's just like waiting for the next MS OS to be released, instead of paying another ninety dollars a few months later for the upgrade.
Of course these comments only apply to the time frame immediately surrounding the date a specification is in revision. As a general rule many of these interface standards are being updated about every three or four years. But when you account for the number of different standards and the fact that they are unrelated and do not get updated relative to one another than on any given year there could be at least one computer related specification coming out with a new revision.
Insuring that the latest bus specification is purchased does not incur the same increase in cost as purchasing the next generation CPU. The newest processor might come with a severe premium of several hundred dollars over the cost of a processor that was released just a few months prior. Normally a chip set for an interface bus costs little more than the previous generation of the interface.
Yet another new standard about to be released is the Universal Flash Storage [UFS] card. The specification is not due out until the end of 2010, and products wouldn't be available until 2011 at a minimum. Still it's a new interface that would be found on computers with Card Reader modules; however the specification is really aimed at embedded storage for cameras and cell phones [just like an SD Card].
Acronyms not defined in text: AMD; Advanced Micro Devices
DIN; Deutsches Institut fr Normung. A German national standards organization
IBM; International Business Machines
LPT; Line Print Terminal
RCA; Radio Corporation of America
S/PDIF; Sony/Philips Digital Interface
TOSLINK; TOShiba-LINK, a registered trademark of Toshiba Corporation
Many more Engineering Related Electronic Acronyms. This link is off-site..
Additional Knols related to computers;Description of Solid State Drives. [What is an SSD and do I want one] Interfacing to a Secure Digital Card. [SD Card Issues]Adding Permanent Memory via a USB Stick. [USB ReadyBoost implementation]The RS232 Interface. [RS232 Tutorial and its continuing usage decline]Generation of PC Standards. [Who controls the definition of a PC]
Helpful Links;Companies that produce Computers.Companies that produce Laptop PCs.Companies that manufacturer and sell PC Monitors.
Editor note; this text uses two graphics of AMD processors, but that does not imply support for PC's using AMD devices. It just happens that there were AMD graphics available for use in the article. Some years AMD has faster processors, while other years Intel has faster processors, it really changes every other year.
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